Zambia’s Energy Crisis: A Good Problem

As we mark 60 years of independence this October, Zambia stands at a crossroads. Our journey since 1964 has seen remarkable achievements and daunting challenges. Today, we find ourselves grappling with severe load shedding, the highest petroleum prices ever, a crippling drought, and an escalating cost of living. Despite these hurdles, there’s an intriguing perspective on this crisis: it’s a good problem. 

A Tale of Progress and Challenges

It’s worth noting the backdrop of our current situation. Zambia has been governed by four different political parties over the decades:

United National Independence Party (UNIP) under President Kenneth Kaunda (1964-1991): The United National Independence Party (UNIP) under President Kenneth Kaunda, which led Zambia, achieved several significant milestones that shaped the nation’s early development. One of the most notable achievements was the establishment of a robust educational system, which included the founding of new schools and the expansion of higher education, laying the groundwork for a more educated populace. UNIP also spearheaded the development of key infrastructure, such as roads and hospitals, which facilitated the growth of various sectors. Additionally, UNIP played a pivotal role in promoting national unity and independence, guiding Zambia through its formative years and setting a foundation for future governance and nation-building efforts. In 27 years, UNIP faced the challenge of diversifying the electricity sub sector but did not succeed in overcoming this issue.

 Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD): The Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), which governed Zambia from 1991 to 2011, is credited with several transformative achievements that significantly impacted the nation. Under the leadership of Presidents Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, and Rupiah Banda, MMD spearheaded a series of economic reforms that introduced market-oriented policies and privatized state-owned enterprises, contributing to economic growth and stability. The era also saw significant improvements in infrastructure, including the construction and rehabilitation of roads, bridges, and schools. Moreover, MMD's tenure was marked by increased political pluralism and democratic reforms, which strengthened Zambia's democratic institutions and expanded political freedoms. These reforms laid the groundwork for a more competitive and open political landscape in Zambia. Despite a focus on economic reforms and infrastructure, the MMD administration also struggled with diversification in the electricity sub sector.

Patriotic Front (PF), which governed Zambia from 2011 to 2021 under Presidents Michael Sata and Edgar Lungu, made notable strides in several key areas. The PF administration focused on substantial infrastructure development, including the construction of new roads, bridges, and a significant expansion of urban and rural infrastructure, which facilitated improved connectivity and economic activity. The regime also prioritized energy sector investments, including the development of hydroelectric power projects and the construction of new power plants to address energy shortages. Additionally, the PF government made efforts to enhance social services by increasing funding for health and education, which included building new schools and health facilities. Despite facing various challenges, these achievements contributed to the overall development and modernization of Zambia. The PF government however, continued to grapple with the same issue, unable to achieve significant progress in this critical area.

Since taking office in 2021, the United Party for National Development (UPND) has made several impactful achievements despite the challenges faced. Notably, the UPND administration has prioritized human capital development by recruiting over 30,000 teachers and more than 11,000 health workers, addressing critical shortages in these essential sectors. The restoration of student meal allowances in five public universities has also been a significant step towards improving the quality of education and student well-being. Additionally, the UPND has initiated various social and economic reforms aimed at stabilizing the economy and enhancing transparency and governance. These efforts reflect the UPND's commitment to addressing Zambia's immediate needs while laying the groundwork for long-term development. Yet, the challenges remain daunting, and the criticism is relentless.

The Reality of Criticism

Zambian citizens have a penchant for scrutinizing their government, a trait that reflects our vibrant democratic spirit. This tendency to criticize is not necessarily a bad thing; it drives accountability and fosters a culture of governance that strives for improvement. However, it's crucial to evaluate the context of these criticisms fairly.

The current administration inherited a complex web of issues that had accumulated over decades. To expect substantial turnaround in just three years is, quite frankly, unrealistic. The UPND government has faced a multitude of challenges, from an energy crisis that has worsened load shedding to soaring petroleum prices and a high cost of living. Despite these issues, the UPND’s achievements in human capital development and educational support highlight their commitment to long-term progress.

Learning from Nature: The Eagle’s Nest

I am reminded of a fascinating analogy from nature. When an eagle constructs a nest, it starts with a foundation of thorns, sticks, and sharp objects. This seemingly harsh setup is then covered with a layer of comfort grass, leaves, and soft materials. As the eaglets mature and are ready to fly, the eagle begins removing the layer of comfort, exposing the uncomfortable thorns underneath. The discomfort compels the eaglets to leave the nest and learn to soar.

Similarly, the discomfort Zambia feels today be it from load shedding, high gas prices, or the cost of living might be uncomfortable now, but it is a catalyst for transformation. This period of challenge can drive us towards innovative solutions, prompting both the government and citizens to seek and implement long-term solutions for sustainable progress.

A Hopeful Future

This crisis, while severe, carries the potential to drive Zambia towards a brighter future. As we navigate these trying times, let’s remember that every challenge presents an opportunity for growth. Just as the eagle’s eaglets eventually soar into the sky, Zambia too has the potential to rise above its current difficulties.

In conclusion, as we celebrate 60 years of independence, let’s embrace this moment as a chance to reflect, innovate, and strive for better. The discomfort we face today can lead to the transformative changes we need for a prosperous tomorrow. Together, we can turn this crisis into an opportunity for Zambia to truly soar.

Written by Samuel Daka

International Relations Student

At The University of Zambia